Critiques of New Urbanism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critiques of New Urbanism - Research Paper Example This paper evaluates the New Urbanist critiques of contemporary urban development, as well as the critiques of New Urbanism principles. New Urbanism is a form if an urban design program which encourages the traditional concepts of neighborhood design and apply them into a range of urban and suburban settings. The movement started as a response to the conventional suburban planning in the United States since the 1940’s where the communities are decentralized and dependent mainly on cars as a form of transportation. New Urbanists claim that the orthodox setup causes congestion in arterial roads, limited opportunities for people without cars, loss of open space and detachment to civic life. To resolve this issue, they created a reform program with planning and design principles including walkable neighborhoods in a spectrum of a five-minute walk; major orientation around public transit systems; better assimilation of diverse types of land uses at the neighborhood level; affordabl e housing; strong citizen participation; and social and economic diversity (Fulton). The New Urbanist criticisms of contemporary urban development, specifically of the sprawl were discussed by Ellis (262-266) on a research on the New Urbanism movement. ... great automobile dependency in sprawl communities can be minimized dramatically by the installation of proper transit platforms through the New Urbanist principles. While transit investments are intergenerational and long-term, they can form the framework for more efficient, reasonable and sustainable urban regions. The land-use mixtures and street patterns that New Urbanist offers are also advantageous for pedestrians and cyclists. The designs that the street patterns suggest better traffic systems and quality of the travel experience. On the other hand, higher densities and mixed uses can yield considerably lower vehicle miles travelled. Although studies regarding the impact of street patterns to the reduction of automobile commuting are limited, neoclassical economists believe that the benefits of New Urbanist designs will be fully achieved when land-use and transportation planning are applied in the regional level (Ellis 265). Moreover, New Urbanism holds the potential for substa ntial environmental benefits. Ellis (265) stated that â€Å"more compact development patterns, combined with infill strategies, make it easier to conserve sensitive environmental areas.† Even if the New Urbanist designs will reap the environmental benefits or green engineering techniques only after several years, the idea is feasible and the results of studies are encouraging. The evidence of recent researches maintain that the New Urbanist designs â€Å"can play a role in reducing wasteful land consumption and the negative environmental impacts of auto-dependent sprawl† (Ellis 266).Hence, the proper use of growth management, land-use planning and urban design strategies in urban planning can capitalize on the potential of the New Urbanist concept. However, New Urbanism’s incorrect

Diabetes type 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diabetes type 2 - Essay Example It is a condition in which the body fails to produce cells that are responsible for producing insulin leading to a condition known as insulin resistance. (Hopkins, 2010). Insulin is a hormone which is produced by the pancreas in our body and is mainly responsible for regulating the conversion of sugar into energy as the body fails to metabolize glucose in a proper way. Due to insulin resistance or failure of body cells to use insulin, glucose deposits in the blood instead of going into cells which mostly leads to many complications. (Mycek, 2007). SYMPTOMS: It is indicated that type 2 diabetes occurs due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors .Some of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus 2 include increased feeling of thirst and frequent urination, the urge to eat more, darkened patches of skin, and delayed healing of wounds and skin scratches, blurred vision accompanied by fatigue and an observable loss in weight (Hans, 2007). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN AUSTRALIA: Studies have shown that statistics of diabetes mellitus type 2 doubled in Australia in the last two decades 16 % to 20 % of people suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 have shown to exhibit lesser abnormalities related to tolerance of glucose level. . (Dowse GK, Gareebo H & Zimmet PZ 2009). Moreover a large population residing in Australia is unaware of the fact that they have diabetes mellitus type 2 and also 55 % of the population of Australia suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 exhibit obesity, an increase in blood pressure making them hypertensive and large population also have a family history of diabetes. Researches and data gathered have shown reduction in prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by following proper dietary plans. (Shaw, 2003). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: According to various studies conducted during the year 2010 on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States of America, it was reported that about 25.8 mill ion citizens of U.S have diabetes mellitus type 2 out of which 10.8 million populations comprises of women older than 20 years, 13 million populations comprised of men who were older than 20 years, 10.9 percent population suffering from type 2 diabetes was the older age group ranging between ages of 60 years to 70 years. Type 2 diabetes was ranked as the fifth most serious cause of disease leading to death of people in the United States of America during the year 2010 by the American Diabetes Association. (Hopkins, 2010) PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A DEVELOPING ASIAN COUNTRY: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increasing at an alarming rate in India and is one of the major health issues over there. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect a great number of the population in India in last some years. According to several researches carried out globally and at national level it was reported that approximately 61.3 million people in India had diabetes in the yea r 2011 and it is feared that this figure might reach to 101.2 million by the year 2030. (Avasthi, 2005) ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN AUSTRALIA FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: DIAGNOSIS: In order to confirm that a specific person has been affected by diabetes mellitus